Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2022)
J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2022, 19(1): 9-12 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Daie S, Mahmoodi-Shan G R, Mehrbakhsh Z. The Correlation between Spiritual Health and Loneliness in the Elderly. J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2022; 19 (1) :9-12
URL: http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1272-en.html
URL: http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-1272-en.html
1- MSC student in Geriatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran , mahmoodigh@yhoo.com
3- Department of Biostatistics, School of public¬ Health, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
2- Associate Professor, Nursing Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran , mahmoodigh@yhoo.com
3- Department of Biostatistics, School of public¬ Health, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Abstract: (1836 Views)
Background: Loneliness is a serious issue among the elderly that considerably affects their health. Spiritual health might affect the level of loneliness in these individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual health and loneliness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 older adults who live in the western areas of the Golestan Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional to size. Data were collected by the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 18) using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: The mean of spiritual health and loneliness were 96.57±4.10 and 21.25±9.05, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual health and loneliness (P=0.72), but there was a significant difference between urban and rural residents in this regard (P=0.037 and P=0.003). In addition, there was a significant relationship between spiritual health and loneliness in general (r=-0.139 and P=0.02). There was an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among urban residents (r=-0.27 and P=0.001) but not among rural residents (r=-0.06 and P=0.41).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, there is an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly. This could be a useful finding for planners and activists in the field of geriatric mental health in development of educational counseling and support programs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 330 older adults who live in the western areas of the Golestan Province, Iran in 2019. The subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method with proportional to size. Data were collected by the short form of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S) and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire (SHQ). Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 18) using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance level was set to 0.05.
Results: The mean of spiritual health and loneliness were 96.57±4.10 and 21.25±9.05, respectively. There was no significant correlation between spiritual health and loneliness (P=0.72), but there was a significant difference between urban and rural residents in this regard (P=0.037 and P=0.003). In addition, there was a significant relationship between spiritual health and loneliness in general (r=-0.139 and P=0.02). There was an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among urban residents (r=-0.27 and P=0.001) but not among rural residents (r=-0.06 and P=0.41).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, there is an inverse correlation between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly. This could be a useful finding for planners and activists in the field of geriatric mental health in development of educational counseling and support programs.
Type of Study: Original Article |
Subject:
Nursing
References
1. Salehi tilaki E, Ilali E, Taraghi Z, Mousavinasab N. The comparative of Loneliness and its related factors in rural and urban elderly people in Behshahr city. joge. 2019; 4 (1):52-61. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
2. Salmabadi M, Rajabi M J, Safara M. Effectiveness of Training the Review of Life on Life Satisfaction and Sense of Coherence Middle-aged women and elderly nursing home residents in Qazvin. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2018; 13 (2):198-209. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
3. Zhou G, Wang Y, Yu X. Direct and indirect effects of family functioning on loneliness of elderly Chinese individuals. Current Psychology. 2018; 37(1):295-301. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
4. Mirdrikvand F, Panahi H, Hoseyni RNS. Loneliness of The Elderly: The Role of Communication Skills, Social Support and Functional Disability. 2017; 2(2):103-113. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
5. Tian Q. I Intergeneration social support affects the subjective well-being of the elderly: Mediator roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Journal of health psychology. 2016; 21(6):1137-44. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
6. Kavoosian N, Hosseinzadeh K, Jaliseh HK, Karboro A. The relationship between spiritual health and loneliness among the elderly in Karaj-2016. Journal of Research on Religion and Health. 2018; 4(2):7-15. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
7. Sadri DE, Ramazani S. Effectiveness of Existential Therapy on Loneliness and Death Anxiety in the Elderly. 2016; 2(4):1-12. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
8. Sharifi M, Mohammad-Aminzadeh D, Sudmand N, Younesi J. Relationship of deterministic thinking with loneliness and depression in the elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017; 12(3):276-87. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
9. Amiri P, Abbasi M, Gharibzadeh S, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Hamzavi Zarghani N, Azizi F. Designation And Psychometric Assessment Of A Comprehensive Spiritual Health Questionnaire For Iranian Populations. Medical Ethics Journal. 2015; 8(30):25-56. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
10. Heidari A, Yoosefee S. The Relationship between Spiritual Health and other Dimensions of Health: Presentation of a Model. Health Spiritual Med Ethics. 2016; 3 (2):38-41. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
11. Kakhki AD. Spiritual well-being in the Iranian older people: A qualitative study. Medical History Journal. 2016; 7(25):11-32. [Persian] [ [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
12. Chen YH, Lin LC, Chuang LL, Chen ML. The relationship of physiopsychosocial factors and spiritual well‐being in elderly residents: implications for evidence‐based practice. Worldviews on Evidence‐Based Nursing. 2017; 14(6):484-91. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
13. Arbabi H, Mansouri A, Shahdadi H, Nooshirvani S, Poodineh Moghadam M. The Relationship Between Spiritual Health and Quality of Life in Patients with Type II Diabetes Referring to Diabetes Clinic of Zabol. J Diabetes Nurs. 2017; 5 (3):212-222. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
14. Jowkar B. Psychometric properties of the short form of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults (SELSA-S). International Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2012; 5(4):311-7. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
15. Karamivand V. Are the Spiritual Needs of the Urban Elders different from the Rural Elders? of Geriatric Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016; 2(1):32-8. [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
16. Narusawa A, Sakata Y, Takata Y. Loneliness and its associated Factors in Community-living Elderly People who Use Day Care Services. Japanese Journal of Health and Human Ecology. 2017; 83(5):139-48. [View at paplisher] [DOI:10.3861/kenko.83.5_139] [Google Scholar]
17. Khalili Z, Sadrollahi, Ali,Nazari, R0bab Factors related and spiritual well-being among elderly referring to city parks of Khalkhal. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research. 2015; 10(4):127-35. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
18. Zareipour M, Khazir Z, Valizadeh R, Mahmoodi H, Ghelichi Ghojogh M. The Association between Spiritual Health and Blood Sugar Control in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Elderly Health Journal. 2016; 2 (2):67-72. [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
19. Sadrollahi A, Khalili Z. Spiritual Well-being and associated factors among the elderly population in Kashan. jgn. 2015; 1 (2):94-104. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
20. Zarghami H, Mahmoudian H. Children s out Migration and Loneliness Feeling in Rural Older Parents. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychlogy. 2017;5(19):103-22. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
21. Haney MÖ, Bahar Z, Beşe A, Açıl D, Yardımcı T, Çömez S. Factors related to loneliness among the elderly living at home in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2017; 11(2):71-8. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [Google Scholar]
22. Saydshohadai M, Heshmat S, Seidfatemi N, Haghani H, Mehrdad N. The spiritual health of seniors living in sanitarium and home residents. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2013; 26(81):11-20. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
23. Jadidi A, Farahaninia M, Janmohammadi S, Haghani H. The Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being and Quality of Life among Elderly People Residing in Kahrizak Senior House. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2011; 24(72):48-56. [Persian] [View at paplisher] [Google Scholar]
24. Chen Y, Hicks A, While AE. Loneliness and social support of older people in C hina: a systematic literature review. Health & social care in the community. 2014; 22(2):113-23. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
25. Zhang J, Xu L, Li J, Sun L, Ding G, Qin W, et al. Loneliness and health service utilization among the rural elderly in Shandong, China: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health.2018; 15(7):1468. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
26. Stefanaki IN, Shea S, Linardakis M, Symvoulakis EK, Wynyard R, Lionis C. Exploring the association of sense of coherence, and spiritual and religious beliefs in a rural population group on the island of Crete, Greece. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine. 2014; 47(3):207-30. [View at paplisher] [DOI] [PMID] [Google Scholar]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
