Showing 17 results for Pain
Tahmineh Salehian, Faranak Safdari, Samaneh Jahantighi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (8-2010)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Labor pain is a severe pain and the most well-known one. When the pain is not relieved, it leads to some adverse effects such as the increase of cardiac output, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen consumption, and catecholamine levels. All of them can have a harmful effect on both mother and infant. Pain during labor is accompanied by fear, which makes slow the progress of labor. In many countries, because the side effects of the drugs can cause adverse effects on women and their infants, analgesic medications may not be given. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Entonox on labor pain and outcome of delivery in primiparous women in Iranshahr, Iran (2009).
Material and Methods: In this study , in order to determine the effect of Entonox on labor pain and outcome of delivery, 100 primiparous women were randomly assigned to two equivalent groups (n = 50): case and control group . Data were collected by a questionnaire. Labor pain was measured seven times by using a (visual-analogue scale). The length of delivery time was calculated in two stages: from four centimeter cervical dilatation to full cervical dilatation, and from full cervical dilatation to the delivery.
Results: There is a significant difference between the severity of the pain in two groups (P<0.05), But there is no significant difference between the duration of the active phase and the second phase of the labor. There is no significant difference between the first and fifth minute Apgar Scoring between two groups (P<0.05). No atony is observed in the subjects. Sixty-six percent of case group and 42% of control group express that they have satisfaction from their delivery.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that Entonox can be effective intervention to decrease pain during labour.
Mis Akram Sanagoo, Mr Abdi Kor, Mis Leila Jouybari, Mr Ahmad Shirafkan, Mr Seyyed Mahdi Batyar, Mr Eisa Nasiri, Mis Mitra Hekmat Afshar,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (10-2011)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Injection-site pain and bruising associated with subcutaneous injection of Heparin is one of the physical and psychological discomforts in patients. This study aimed at determining the effect of injection duration on the size of bruising and the severity of injection pain.
Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was designed on 119 patients hospitalized in Panje Azar teaching center in Gorgan, 2009. For each patient, two subcutaneous injections of 10 and 30 seconds were performed with a 12-hour interval. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-made checklist that consists of two sections, demographic characteristics and a section to record the extent of bruising and pain intensity. The Extent of bruising was measured using clear flexible ruler within 48-72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after Heparin injection. Data were analyzed using SPSS- 16 by central tendency and statistical tests.
Results: The Findings show that 10-second injection in comparison to 30-second injection is more effective in increasing the exent of bruising and pain intensity. There is significant difference between the two methods (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The duration of subcutaneous injection has an effect on bruising extent and the pain following the administration of Heparin in hospitalized patients. The findings can be used in clinical setting and nursing education.
Mr Abolfazl Farhadi, Mr Sadegh Farhadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Pain is a multidimensional phenomenon defined as“an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or potential tissue damage”.Infants and children are vaccinated before two years on several occasions. Many of these vaccines are injectable, and are painful. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether topical tetracaine can reduce the pain of IM DPT injection compared to placebo in infants of two months of age.
Material and Methods: In this study, 40 infants aged two months were selected by convenience sampling and randomly placed in two groups of case and control. The Infants of experimental group were injected by using topical tetracaine gel %4 and those of the other group by a placebo. The intensity of injection was scored by a pediatric registered nurse, using the FLACC pain scale.
Results: Although the mean of pain intensity in case group (8.3) is lower than that of controls (9.1) and also the time of pain relief, the use of tetracaine could not be significantly effective in reducing the severity of pain due to intramuscular injection of DPT vaccine. Conclusion: Based on the results, there is no significant difference between case and control groups on using tetracaine, but because of low pain intensity in case group, further researches are needed to be done.
Key words: Pain, Infants, Tetracain gel, Intramuscular injection
Ali Akbar Abdollahi, Shahzad Mehranfard, Naser Behnampour, Dr Abdolmohammad Kordnejad,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cardiac angiography, which is widely used in Iran, is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for cardiac diseases. The patients suffer from back pain due to complete bed rest after angiography. Thus, this study aimed at determining the correlated factors with the severity of back pain after cardiac angiography in Dr. Ganjavian Hospital of Dezful, 2011.
Material and Methods: In this correlational study, 140 candidates of cardiac angiography were selected via convenience sampling. We used a checklist to collect the data about age, sex, body mass index(BMI), smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and duration of angiography, which are the influential factors of the severity of back pain. Then, the severity of back pain was measured at first, second, fourth and sixth hour after angiography, using a numerical scale of pain assessment.To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistic, Mann Whitney and Spearman correlation.
Results: The subjects are males (N=67), females (N=64) and smokers (12%). The mean age is 55.7±7.7, and body mass index is 27.6±3.07. None of them has history of back pain and previous angiography. Based on Spearman, there is no significance correlation between back pain of 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after angiography and factors such as age, BMI and duration of angiography. Man Whitney test indicates a statistical significance between gender and severity of pain in the first hour (Z=-2.17) and sixth hour (Z=-2.4) after angiography, whereas there is no statistical significance in the second, fourth and fifth hour after angiography. As well, there is no significant correlation between back pain and variables such as smoking, diabetes and hypertension.
Conclusion: The findings showthat the nurses by being aware of related factors to back pain severity can try to reduce the pain and promote the patients’ convenience.
Hossein Rahmani Anaraki, Mehri Farhan Ranjbar, Ali Akbar Abdollahi, Naser Behnampour,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Injection of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin often causes some local reactions such as bruising, hematoma, and pain, directly related to inappropriate injection method. This study aimed at determining the effect of injection duration of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin Sodium on the size of bruising and the severity of injection pain.
Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 36 patients medicated by subcutaneous Enoxaparin Sodium (60mg). They were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received routine method of subcutaneous anoxaparine injection (10 second duration injection technique) and in the second group in addition to routine method, “10 second waits” before removing needle was performed. Data collection was carried out by using a researcher-made check-list consisting of a section for demographic data and a section to record the extent o f bruising and pain intensity. The Extent of bruising was measured by using a clear flexible ruler within 24, 48 and 72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) ,immediately after injection.We analyzed the Data by independent T test and Chi square.
Results: The Results indicate that the mean of pain intensity in second group (3.05 ± 1.71) is less than first group (3.86 ± 2.75).There is no significant difference between two groups for the extent of bruising in 24, 48 and 72 hours (P>0.05).
Conclusion: with regard to pain intensity and the size of the bruising, the two groups are not significantly different.
Naser Rahimi, Dr Gholamali Ghasemi, Mohsen Eshaghian, Dr Azar Aghayari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Back pain is one of the most common and most costly occupational injuries. Due to the nature of nursing career, low- back pain is highly prevalent in nurses. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of low-back pain and its correlation with nurses’ demographic characteristics and occupational factors in hospitals of Isfahan, Iran.
Material and Methods: This descriptive- co relational study was conducted on 244 out of 260 nurses selected via stratified random sampling. Using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Functional Disability Questionnaire (ODQ), the Pain and functional disability variables were measured, respectively. To analyze the data, we used independent t-test and correlation coefficient-(p<0.05).
Results: The findings showed that 55% of the nurses have different intensity of low back pain (LBP). The LBP and monthly working hours (r=0.55), LBP and functional disability (r=0.53), LBP and age(r =0.30), and LBP and record of services (0.29) were significantly correlated, But it was not the case for LBP and gender.
Conclusion: Based on the findings that about 55% of the nurses suffer from low- back pain, it seems that a comprehensive change in life style and physical activity pattern of the nurses are paramount importance.
Hossein Rahmani Anaraki , Mehri Farhange Ranjbar , Ali Kavosi, Hossein Nasiri, Ali Reza Shariati,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (11-2014)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Heparin Products are used largely due to the positive effects of the treatment. Since bruising and pain are thier unpleasant consequences following injection, we aimed at determining the effect of local cold on occurrence of pain and bruising at the injection site of subcutaneous enoxaparin sodium.
Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 36 patients allocated randomly to case and control groups in Panje Azar teaching center in Groan, 2012. In control group, routine subcutaneous injection of enoxaparin ,without local cold, in 10 seconds was performed while in case group , local cold was applied for five minutes before routine subcutaneous injection. The data was collected via a researcher-made check-list consisting of demographic part and the section for recording the extent of bruising and pain intensity. The Extent of bruising was measured by using clear flexible ruler within 24-48-72 hours and pain intensity by visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after injection. Data was analyzed by SPSS- 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Results indicated that the mean of pain intensity in control (3.86±2.75) and case group (3.05±1.71) was not significantly different (P=0.148) and it is true for the extent of bruising in 24- 48-72 hours, no significant difference between two groups.
Conclusion: Regarding the results, cold application before injection is not effective in reducing pain intensity and the size of the bruising.
Mohammad Aryaie, Danial Bagheri, Dr Mohammad Ali Vakili , Fozieh Bakhsha, Seid Yaghub Jafari, Samane Karimi, Dr Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfajir,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational complaints bringing about increased financial burden and reduced social productivity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their relationship with psychosocial factors in the staff of organization.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 675 staff of the organizations in Gorgan where selected via cluster & stratified sampling. The instruments Nordic standard questionnaire and job content including areas of job demands, decision latitude, job nature, social interaction with managers and colleagues. We analyzed the data by independent t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression (P&le0.05).
Results: Seventy-seven of participants (11.4%) suffer from neck pain, 39 (5.8%) from shoulder pain and 97 (14.4%) from back pain. Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant relationship between neck pain and the support given by supervisor and Colleagues. Respectively, Freedom of decision-making and support are the most common factors associated with shoulder and back pain.
Conclusion: Based on the results, the support of supervisor & Colleagues and the freedom of decision are the risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders.
Hamide Jometondoki, Fereshteh Ghorat, Mohammad Hassan Rakhshani, Hasan Khalili,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Intravenous catheterization is one of the most common invasive interventions in the nursing profession which is associated with pain and patient dissatisfaction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of topical lavender essential oil on the severity of pain caused by intravenous catheterization.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial performed on 66 elective surgery candidates in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Sabzevar in 2017. The eligible patients was recruited through convenient sampling method considering inclusion criteria they were then randomly allocated into intervention (n=33) and placebo (n=33) groups using permutation blocks. 3 puffs of lavender essential oil were used onto the insertion sites of patients in the intervention group, while in the placebo group there were applied 3 puffs of distilled water. Severity of pain was measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at immediate, 5 and 10 minutes after intravenous catheterization. Data was presented descriptive statistics and analyzed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney in SPSS-16. The P-value less than 0.05 considered significant.
Results: The mean score of pain severity in the intervention group immediately, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after the intravenous catheterization was 3.00±2.23, 1.36±1.08 and 0.51±1.14, while in patient of placebo group was 5.72±2.46, 3.12±2.23 and 1.8±1.50 respectively, there was a statistically significant difference between groups.
Conclusions: The present study showed that the use of topical lavender essential oil is effective in decreasing pain severity caused by the intravenous catheter insertion. Therefore, the topical lavender essential oil can be used to prevent pain in patients before catheter insertion.
Zohreh Shahhosseini , Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi , Souri Soleimani ,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis refers to the presence of endometrial tissue (endocrine glands and stroma) outside of the uterine cavity. The prevalence of this disease is approximately 10% of women in the general population. Since there is no definitive treatment for endometriosis, medical and surgical treatment often reduces more symptoms and it prevents the progression of the disease while each of them encompasses a special side effect. CAM treatments (Complementary and Alternative Medicine) are non-pharmacologic interventions that reduce pain and mood disorder and also help to improve women's quality of life through mind and body interventions. The aim of this study was to address non-pharmacological interventions in endometriosis pain management.
Methods: This study was a review that for compile this article, at first search was done in Google Scholar database and more specifically in Persian databases such as Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Iranmedex and English databases like PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct with key words such as endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain, hypnotisis, cognitive behavioral therapy and massage and articles related with the topic of this article were searched from 2000 to 2017. A total of 400 articles were searched that in abstract screening stage 122 articles were deleted due to being duplicate and 256 articles were deleted due to the lack of relevance with the objectives of the study and finally after reviewing the full text of articles, 22 articles were used for writing this study.
Results: The results of reviewing studies regarding the non-pharmacological treatments methods for endometriosis were organized in 6 main categories. 1. Moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medicine that involves of moxa at specific points of the body, 2. Medicinal herbs such as Astragalus, Ginkgo and Ginseng, 3. Massage therapy, 4. Psychological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, 5. Acupuncture, such as ear and body acupuncture, 6. Chinese Enema.
Conclusions: It seems that non-pharmacological treatments reduce the pain score in patients with endometriosis. These treatments can be proposed as common methods to treat patients with painful conditions of reproductive system including endometriosis. However, further studies on this issue should be conducted with larger samples with specified pain conditions.
John Bright Agyemang, Abigail Kusi-Amponsah Diji, Richard Adongo Afaya, Hanson Boakye, Evans Oduro, Albert Amagyei, Joana Kyei-Dompim,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: The knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives, as well as nursing and midwifery students on pediatric pain are crucial in the management of hospitalized children’s pain. However, few studies have addressed the preparedness of nursing and midwifery students to manage children’s pain based on their knowledge and attitudes. This study therefore assessed nursing and midwifery students’ knowledge and attitudes pertaining to children’s pain management.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 554 nursing and midwifery students who were in their last year at four nursing and midwifery training institutions in city Ghana in 2018-2019. Data were collected over a three-month period using the Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey regarding pain (PNKAS). Data analyzed by the SPSS version 25 and presented using descriptive statistics and independent T test and one-way ANOVA.
Results: Participants had an average PNKAS score of 42.1% (range: 21.4% to 81.0%). The nursing and midwifery students in either public (44.1%±7.9%) or private (43.7%±9.6%) university had significantly higher scores than those in a public nursing and midwifery training college (40.3%± 6.9%) (p<.001).
Conclusion: Nursing and midwifery students in the study generally had insufficient knowledge and attitudes toward children’s pain. There is an urgent need to intensify education in this area so as to adequately prepare these students to cater to the pain needs of vulnerable children and their families. Future studies should focus on how student’s theoretical knowledge and attitudes are linked to their pediatric pain assessment and management practices.
Razieh Talebi, Mahnaz Modanloo, Fatemeh Heydari , Neda Mehrdad, Abbasali Keshtkar, Homeira Khoddam,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Despite the expansion of knowledge of neonatal pain assessment and management, there is still a considerable gap between nurses' clinical practices in Iran and available evidence. The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based protocol for neonatal pain management and to evaluate its effectiveness on nurses' clinical practice.
Methods: The present study will be based on the Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice (JHNEBP) model and the three stages of practice question and project planning, evidence, and translation (PET). In this way, after forming an interprofessional team, clinical practice questions will be defined, and the main stakeholders will be identified. Then, the types, levels, and quality of evidence will be assessed to summarize their final strength using the proposed tools of the model, and finally, recommendations will be developed. In the translation phase, the recommendations will be implemented during a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial, and its implications for nursing practices in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates will be evaluated.
Results: The results of this study will lead to the production of an operational and applicable protocol in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates. It can provide the basis for improving the clinical practice of nurses and subsequently improving the quality of neonatal care.
Conclusion: One of the strengths of this study is the use of an interprofessional team approach, considering the clients' priorities, and the improvement of organizational culture in order to endeavor for knowledge translation and change in clinical practice.
Leila Barati, Sajjad Khatami, Mitra Valizadeh, Homeira Khoddam,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Available evidence on the efficacy of sweet solutions for reducing pain in infants is insufficient. This study aimed to assess the effects of 10% oral dextrose on the pain of infants during venipuncture.
Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 60 infants undergoing venipuncture. Eligible infants were randomly assigned into an intervention and control group. Two minutes before venipuncture, 2 ml of 10% oral dextrose solution and 2 ml of water were given to the intervention and control groups, respectively. The infants' pain intensity during the procedure was measured by two independent experts based on the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and CONSOL ability Behavioral Pain Scale. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and ANOVA tests. A P-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean (±standard deviation) age of infants in the intervention and control groups were 6.37 (2.96) and 9.03 (3.10) months, respectively (P0.05). In addition, the standardized mean difference in pain score between the two groups was -0.2 (95% confidence interval: -0.30 to 0.71). Despite a significant difference (P=0.003) in the pain score between females and males, the effect of intervention after gender effect correction was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Using 2 ml of 10% oral dextrose 2 minutes before venipuncture has a weak and non-significant effect on the pain of infants. Based on the effect size and 95% confidence interval, conducting further trials with a larger study population is recommended.
Zinat Mohebbi , Maryam Mohit, Fatemeh Shirazi, Parvin Ghaemmaghami,
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2024)
Abstract
The Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery (J Res Dev Nurs Midw) commemorates its 28th anniversary this year, marking a significant milestone in its journey of scholarly contribution. Inaugurated in 1996, the journal garnered recognition for its scientific contributions in 2012 and was subsequently indexed in the esteemed Scopus database in 2019. The editorial team extends its profound gratitude to the distinguished faculty, authors, researchers, and readers for their continuous support and contributions to the journal's success.
In a strategic move to enhance the dissemination of research findings, the J Res Dev Nurs Midw is transitioning from a biannual to a quarterly publication schedule. This decision is driven by the increasing volume of submissions, particularly from young researchers and PhD candidates, which necessitates a more efficient publication process. The journal anticipates a reduction in review times and an increase in acceptance rates, thereby expediting the availability of new research to the academic community. Authors are reminded of the importance of adhering to the journal's submission guidelines to ensure a streamlined review process and to avoid potential delays or rejections. The editorial team remains committed to providing comprehensive support to authors through various communication channels, including email, phone, and messaging services, available seven days a week.
Upholding the highest ethical standards is paramount for the J Res Dev Nurs Midw. All research articles and case reports must be accompanied by an ethics statement, and all submissions undergo rigorous plagiarism screening using specialized software. Corresponding authors are promptly notified of any ethical concerns identified. The journal engages expert reviewers to conduct thorough evaluations, and confidentiality is strictly maintained throughout the review process. Manuscripts with potential significant clinical implications are prioritized for expedited review.
The J Res Dev Nurs Midw actively welcomes submissions from authors across the globe, fostering an international exchange of knowledge and perspectives in nursing and midwifery. The journal is dedicated to disseminating the most compelling and impactful research findings worldwide, contributing to the advancement of the field. The journal takes pride in its diverse editorial board, which includes esteemed nursing and midwifery professors from various countries, ensuring adherence to the highest international standards of scholarship.
Prof. Leila M Jouybari
Editor in Chief
J Res Dev Nurs Midw
Nhan Thi Nguyen, Quang Minh Lam, Huong Thi Do,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Labor pain and perineal trauma are the most common complications during childbirth and negatively impact a woman’s physical and emotional well-being. The World Health Organization recommends using warm compresses during the second stage of labor to mitigate perineal injuries. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of this intervention to guide informed clinical decisions.
Methods: Searches were conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect from inception up to the present day (as of July 2023) for randomized and quasi-experimental trials in English, focusing on vaginal births using warm compresses and measuring outcomes related to pain and perineal trauma. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and biases were assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools.
Results: The search strategy identified a total of 75 articles, of which 13 were included in the review. In most studies, pain scores in the warm group were significantly lower than in the control group. Warm compress intervention was also associated with lower rates of perineal laceration and a higher rate of intact perineum. Results in suturing-required perineal injuries, severity of perineal trauma, or episiotomy were mixed.
Conclusion: It is suggested that the application of warm compresses during the second stage of labor has been shown to be an effective method for reducing labor pain and perineal trauma that does not require suturing. Due to the mixed results found, considerations should be made before applying this intervention for the purpose of reducing perineal tears or episiotomies during labor.
Zinat Mohebbi, Maryam Mohit, Fatemeh Shirazi, Parvin Ghaemmaghami,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (6-2024)
Abstract
Background: Aromatherapy is a modality within the realm of alternative medicine to manage pain and alleviate anxiety in high-stress circumstances. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of damask rose on the levels of anxiety and pain experienced by patients under endoscopic lithotripsy.
Methods: The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, in 2022, involving 120 patients undergoing endoscopic lithotripsy. These patients were randomly allocated into control and intervention groups using a permuted block design. The data collection was done using the Spielberger and the Visual Analog Scale questionnaires at three stages: the baseline period, the pre-operative holding area, and six hours following the surgical procedure. The intervention group was exposed to a cotton swab infused with three drops of damask rose for a duration of 30 minutes. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, repeated measure analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons utilizing the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The mean levels of overt anxiety in the intervention group during the first and second phases of the intervention were 46.17±7.18 (P<0.001) and 46.32±3.24 (P=0.021). Furthermore, the mean covert anxiety levels in the intervention group throughout the first and second phases were found to be 45.10±7.83 (P=0.003) and 45.87±3.59 (P<0.001). The intervention group exhibited a mean pain level of 5.7±1.01 during the initial phase and 2.53±0.81 throughout the second phase (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that rose aromatherapy reduced both overt and covert anxiety levels, as well as the pain experienced by patients both pre- and post-endoscopic lithotripsy.
Azize Aydemir, Dilek Yidirim Gürkan, Murat Korkmaz, Muhammed Sarikaya ,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Gonarthrosis (GA) is a chronic degenerative disease. This study aimed to determine the frailty level of patients with GA aged 65 and over and to investigate the effect of pain on frailty.
Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study consisted of patients and their relatives who applied to the orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital for examination, follow-up and treatment from October 1, 2021, to January 31, 2022. The study was completed with 160 elderly people aged 65 years and over. Data were collected using Personal Information Form, Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), Get Up and Go Test (GGT), and Geriatric Pain Scale (GPS). Simple descriptive statistics, as well as correlation and multiple linear regression analysis, were used to analyze the data using SSPS 20. The significance level was set at p <0.05.
Results: In this study, 45.6% of the participants were found to have moderate pain (52.42±12.40), 70% were frail (7.58±2.13), and 36.9% had a fall risk (17.15±7.57). The mean TFI (7.48±2.38), GGT (12.01±6.16), and GPS (71.37±14.20) scores of the participants with GA were significantly higher than those without GA. The frailty scores of the participants with severe pain and a high risk of falling were significantly higher (p <0.05). Moreover, the pain severity of the participants accounted for 47.7% of the frailty level. According to our regression model, the variable affecting the severity of major pain was GA stage IV (p=0.000), which increased pain by 3.260 (2.456-3.944) times.
Conclusion: The study provides ample evidence supporting the potential importance of pain severity assessment and pain management to prevent frailty in patients with GA aged 65 and over.
