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Background and Objective: Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most prevalent gynecological disorders that about 50-70% of childbearing women experience it. To relieve this pain, we can use different methods such as chemical drugs that may have some side effects. Thus, we aimed to determine the aromatherapy effect of lavender extract on dysmenorrhea. 

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Background: Anxiety is the most common emotional reaction of women during childbirth. Anti-anxiety effects of Chamomile are documented thanks to flavonoids compounds, Apigenin, and phyto-estrogen which influence central nervous system by bounding to benzodiazepine receptors and lead to reducing anxiety. According to the importance of reducing anxiety, this study aims to evaluate the effect of chamomile essential oil on reducing anxiety in nulliparous women during the first stage of childbirth.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 130 nulliparous women (65in intervention group and 65 in control group) who were qualified and referred to Abhar Emdadi Hospital (Zanjan, Iran) in 2013. The researcher referred to labor ward of Abhar Emdadi Hospital after determining the validity and reliability of the study, receiving ethics committee approval at No.400/4013, and registering it in Iranian Registry Clinical Trial Center at No.IRCT201308066807N7. Sampling was conducted in Abhar Emdadi Hospital from September to March 2013. The samples were assigned to case or control group according to the days divided by pockets A and B; qualified nulliparous women were placed in one of the groups in random days. In aromatherapy group, 2 drops of chamomile essential oil, and in control group, 2 drops of distilled water were spilled on sterile gauze. They were inhaled by the patients at a distance of 7-10 cm from their noses and prescription of aroma and distilled water was repeated every half an hour. At first, the anxiety level was measured with researcher by using Spielberger questionnaire at dilatations of 3-4 and 8-10 cm and effacement of 40-50 and 70-100. In all processes the samples were positioned on the bed in the left lateral position.The tools for data collection included midwifery and demographic information checklist, and Spielberg’s questionnaire. Independent t-test, for normal quantitative data and Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests for not normal quantitative data, were used to analyze the collected data. They were analyzed using SPSS 22. The significance level was considered 0.05.
Results: At baseline, both intervention and control groups showed moderate anxiety. But after intervention, the anxiety level in intervention group at dilatations of 3-4 and 8-10 cm was (46.12 ± 3.70) and (39 ± 3.70) respectively which in turn portrayed a significant decrease (P <0.005) in comparison with control group at dilatations of 3-4 and 8-10 cm which was (60.00 ± 4.3) and (61.24 ± 4.61) respectively.
Conclusions: The findings of this study showed that aromatherapy by chamomile essential oil reduces the anxiety level during childbirth; therefore, it is recommended in order to reduce anxiety.

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Background: Olfactory dysfunction, a prominent complication of COVID-19, significantly impacts patients' quality of life, persisting for months after infection. Exploring diverse methodologies to address this issue necessitates scholarly investigation. Therefore, our primary objective was to assess the impact of olfactory training on enhancing olfaction sense among COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This randomized controlled trial employed a pretest-posttest design to assess COVID-19 patients experiencing olfactory dysfunction at the Babol Health Center in northern Iran. Patients were allocated to either the control or intervention group using closed envelopes. Both groups, consisting of 50 patients each, completed the Olfactory Disorders - Negative Statements (QOD-NS) questionnaire before the intervention. Over a six-week period, participants in the intervention group were exposed to Phenylethyl alcohol, Eucalyptus, Citronol, and Eugenol twice daily, rotating each scent for 20 seconds with ten-second breaks in between, while the control group received no intervention. Independent and paired t-tests were utilized to analyze the relationship between the groups before and after the intervention, with analysis conducted using SPSS 16. The significance level was set at less than 0.05.
Results: The mean score of olfactory disorder among patients before the intervention in both the intervention and control groups was 24.32 ± 6.60 and 22.85 ± 8.04, respectively, showing no significant difference (P = 0.33). However, following the intervention, the scores decreased to 19.60 ± 5.74 and 22.52 ± 7.39 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, with a statistically significant difference observed (P = 0.034).
Conclusion: Olfactory training demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing olfaction sense among patients with COVID-19 experiencing olfactory disorders. Consequently, it is recommended that nurses be trained to administer this program to COVID-19 patients with olfactory disorders upon discharge, facilitating their recovery process.
 

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The Journal of Research Development in Nursing and Midwifery (J Res Dev Nurs Midw) commemorates its 28th anniversary this year, marking a significant milestone in its journey of scholarly contribution. Inaugurated in 1996, the journal garnered recognition for its scientific contributions in 2012 and was subsequently indexed in the esteemed Scopus database in 2019. The editorial team extends its profound gratitude to the distinguished faculty, authors, researchers, and readers for their continuous support and contributions to the journal's success.
In a strategic move to enhance the dissemination of research findings, the J Res Dev Nurs Midw is transitioning from a biannual to a quarterly publication schedule. This decision is driven by the increasing volume of submissions, particularly from young researchers and PhD candidates, which necessitates a more efficient publication process. The journal anticipates a reduction in review times and an increase in acceptance rates, thereby expediting the availability of new research to the academic community. Authors are reminded of the importance of adhering to the journal's submission guidelines to ensure a streamlined review process and to avoid potential delays or rejections. The editorial team remains committed to providing comprehensive support to authors through various communication channels, including email, phone, and messaging services, available seven days a week.
Upholding the highest ethical standards is paramount for the J Res Dev Nurs Midw. All research articles and case reports must be accompanied by an ethics statement, and all submissions undergo rigorous plagiarism screening using specialized software. Corresponding authors are promptly notified of any ethical concerns identified. The journal engages expert reviewers to conduct thorough evaluations, and confidentiality is strictly maintained throughout the review process. Manuscripts with potential significant clinical implications are prioritized for expedited review.
The J Res Dev Nurs Midw actively welcomes submissions from authors across the globe, fostering an international exchange of knowledge and perspectives in nursing and midwifery. The journal is dedicated to disseminating the most compelling and impactful research findings worldwide, contributing to the advancement of the field. The journal takes pride in its diverse editorial board, which includes esteemed nursing and midwifery professors from various countries, ensuring adherence to the highest international standards of scholarship.
Prof. Leila M Jouybari
Editor in Chief
J Res Dev Nurs Midw
 

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Background: Aromatherapy is a modality within the realm of alternative medicine to manage pain and alleviate anxiety in high-stress circumstances. The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of damask rose on the levels of anxiety and pain experienced by patients under endoscopic lithotripsy.
Methods: The present double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted at hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, in 2022, involving 120 patients undergoing endoscopic lithotripsy. These patients were randomly allocated into control and intervention groups using a permuted block design. The data collection was done using the Spielberger and the Visual Analog Scale questionnaires at three stages: the baseline period, the pre-operative holding area, and six hours following the surgical procedure. The intervention group was exposed to a cotton swab infused with three drops of damask rose for a duration of 30 minutes. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, repeated measure analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons utilizing the Bonferroni post hoc test.
Results: The mean levels of overt anxiety in the intervention group during the first and second phases of the intervention were 46.17±7.18 (P<0.001) and 46.32±3.24 (P=0.021). Furthermore, the mean covert anxiety levels in the intervention group throughout the first and second phases were found to be 45.10±7.83 (P=0.003) and 45.87±3.59 (P<0.001). The intervention group exhibited a mean pain level of 5.7±1.01 during the initial phase and 2.53±0.81 throughout the second phase (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that rose aromatherapy reduced both overt and covert anxiety levels, as well as the pain experienced by patients both pre- and post-endoscopic lithotripsy.