Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2017)
J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2017, 14(2): 10-20 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Khoori E, Jalaliaria K. Necessity of Providing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services to Adolescents and Young People in Iran: A Narrative Review. J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2017; 14 (2) :10-20
URL: http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-966-en.html
URL: http://nmj.goums.ac.ir/article-1-966-en.html
1- PhD in Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center
2- MSc in Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center , Jalaliaria@yahoo.com
2- MSc in Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center , Jalaliaria@yahoo.com
Abstract: (14332 Views)
Background: Youths and adolescents are considered as valuable assets of any society. The preservation and promotion of health in this population is an issue of significant importance from the social and economic dimensions. Globalization has resulted in the emergence of several health risks for this age set. Sexual curiosity and sexual experiences are some of these dangers, which can cause irreparable damages if neglected. Regarding this, the present narrative review was conducted to identify the guidelines from different parts of the world for the preservation and promotion of sexual and fertility health among the Iranian adolescents and youths. The integration of these strategies can provide appropriate solutions conforming to the Iranian culture.
Methods: This narrative review was conducted on the articles and sources published within 1958-2015. The search was performed using the valid international databases, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO, ProQuest, and the Persian databases, such as Iranmedex and SID. In addition, we performed library research to obtain the papers investigating the issue of interest. The keywords used during the searching process entailed: “Reproduction Health”, “Youth”, “Adolescents”, and “Sexual Health”. In this review, out of 85 evaluated sources, 53 articles, books, thesis, and websites were selected.
Results: As the reviewed studies indicated, the lack of knowledge, an unclear horizon of the future, and inaccessibility to reproductive health services threaten the health of the youths and adolescents. Therefore, the provision of sex education by parents, schools, or peers can have a significant impact on the promotion of sexual health in this population. Moreover, screening and identifying the adolescents and youths at risk and educating the necessary skills to this age set can prevent the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors. Similar to other countries but with a lower prevalence rate, there are some problems in sexual and fertility health of the youths and adolescents in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to teach the sexual health promotion techniques to this population according to their religion and culture.
Methods: This narrative review was conducted on the articles and sources published within 1958-2015. The search was performed using the valid international databases, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO, ProQuest, and the Persian databases, such as Iranmedex and SID. In addition, we performed library research to obtain the papers investigating the issue of interest. The keywords used during the searching process entailed: “Reproduction Health”, “Youth”, “Adolescents”, and “Sexual Health”. In this review, out of 85 evaluated sources, 53 articles, books, thesis, and websites were selected.
Results: As the reviewed studies indicated, the lack of knowledge, an unclear horizon of the future, and inaccessibility to reproductive health services threaten the health of the youths and adolescents. Therefore, the provision of sex education by parents, schools, or peers can have a significant impact on the promotion of sexual health in this population. Moreover, screening and identifying the adolescents and youths at risk and educating the necessary skills to this age set can prevent the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors. Similar to other countries but with a lower prevalence rate, there are some problems in sexual and fertility health of the youths and adolescents in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to teach the sexual health promotion techniques to this population according to their religion and culture.
Type of Study: Original Article |
References
1. Mohammadi MR, Mohammad K, Khalaj Abadi Farahani F, Alikhani S, Zare M, Ramezani Tehrani F and etal . Reproductive knowledge, attitude and practice of Tehranian adolescent boys aged 15-18 years, 2002. Medical Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 2003; 4(3): 250-237 [Persian]
2. Mcpherson, A. ABC of adolescence, Adolescents in primary care. British Medical Journal . 2005; 330(7489), 465-67. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.330.7489.465]
3. Rivert D. Youth friendly health services. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (Helping Young People to Protect Themselves), Entre Nous, The European Magazine for Sexual and Reproductive Health.2002; No. 52, P: 7-9
4. Sawyer, S.M., Afifi, R.A., Bearinger, L.H., Blakmore, S.J., Dick, B., Ezeh, A.C., Patton, G.C. Adolescence: a foundation for future health. Lancet. 2012; 379(9826): 1630–40. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60072-5]
5. World Health Organization. Promoting the Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents.2010. [Cited: 2010 March]. Available from: www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/adolescence/en/index.html (accessed: Jun 2015)
6. Dixon-Muelle R. Sexual and reproductive Transitions of Adolescents in Developing Countries.Paris: IUSSP Publishers; 2007.
7. Jalali Aria K. An Investigation Of parents' and Teachers' Knowledge about Puberty Health and their Attitudes about How to Teach it to The Girl Students in Gorgan High School. [MSc thesis].Shahied Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences. 2003 [Persian]
8. Latifnejad Rodsari R, Javadnoori M, Hasanpour M, Hazavehei SMM, Taghipour A. Socio-cultural challenges to sexual health education for female adolescents in Iran. Iranian Journal Reproductive Medicine. 2013; 11 (2): 101-110.
9. Reza Soltani P, Parsay S. Maternal and child health. 3th ed. Tehran. Sanjesh Publisher. 2008[Persian]
10. World Health Organization. 10 facts about women's health. [Cited 2011 march] . Available from:
11. Bonell CP. Why is teenage pregnancy conceptualised as a social problem? A review of quantitative research from the USA and UK. Cultural Health Sex. 2004; 6(3):1-18. [DOI:10.1080/13691050310001643025]
12. Ermisch J. Does a 'teen-birth' have longer-term impacts on the mother? Suggestive evidence from the British household panel survey Institute for Social and Economic Research. ISER Working Paper. No. 32, 2003.
13. Teenage pregnancy: Let's talk about sex - Children & young people now. [Cited: 2007 May 23] Available from:
14. World Health Organization. Adolescent pregnancy. [Cited: 2012] Available from: http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/maternal/adolescent_pregnancy/en/index.html (accessed: May 2015)
15. Wu J, Wang L, Rauyajin O, Good S. Contraceptive use behavior among never married young women who are seeking pregnancy termination in Beijing. Chinese Medical Journal.2002; 115 (6): 851-855.
16. Utomo B. Incidence and social- psychological aspects of abortion in Indonesia: a community- based survey in 10 major cities and 6 districts, year 2000. Indonesia: Center for Health Research University of Indonesia; 2001.
17. Sedlecki K. Sexual activity among young people is on the rise in Serbia. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (Helping Young People to Protect Themselves), Entre Nous, The European Magazine for Sexual and Reproductive Health.2002; 52: 4-5.
18. Department for Education and Skills. Teenage Pregnancy: accelerating the strategy to 2010. Availablefrom: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130323061246/https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFES-03905-2006.pdf (accessed: october 2016)
19. Hoffman SD, Maynard RA. Kids having kids: Economic costs and social consequences of teen pregnancy.2nd ed. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press; 2008.
20. Córdova Pozo K, Chandra-Mouli V, Decat P, Nelson E, Meyer S D, Jaruseviciene L et al. Improving adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Latin America: reflections from an International Congress. Reproductive Health. 2015, 24(12):11. [DOI:10.1186/1742-4755-12-11]
21. Hoffman S. By the numbers: the public costs of teen childbearing. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2006.
22. Situmorang A .Adolescent Reproductive Health and Premarital Sex in Medan. [PhD thesis].The Australian National University, Canberra. 2001.
23. Sauvain-Dugerdil C, Gakou B, Berthé F, Dieng AW, Ritschard G, Lerch M. The start of the 'sexual transition' in Mali: Risks and opportunities. Studies in Family Planning. 2008; 39(4):263-80. [DOI:10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00174.x]
24. Hobcraft J, Kiernan K. Childhood poverty, early motherhood and adult social exclusion. The British Journal of Sociology. 2001; 52(3):495-517. [DOI:10.1080/00071310120071151]
25. Woodward L, Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Risk factors and life processes associated with teenage pregnancy: Results of a prospective study from birth to 20 years. Journal of Marriage and Family. 2001; 63(4):1170–1184. [DOI:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.01170.x]
26. Meade CS, Kershaw TS, Ickovics JR. The intergenerational cycle of teenage motherhood: an ecological approach. Health Psychology. 2008; 27(4):419–429. [DOI:10.1037/0278-6133.27.4.419]
27. Hardy JB, Astone NM, Brooks-Gunn J, Shapiro S, Miller TL. Like mother, like child: Intergenerational patterns of age at first birth and associations with childhood and adolescent characteristics and adult outcomes in the second generation. Developmental Psychology. 1998; 34(6):1220–1232. [DOI:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1220]
28. Serbin LA, Cooperman JM, Peters PL, Lehoux PM, Stack DM, Schwartzman AE. Intergenerational transfer of psychosocial risk in women with childhood histories of aggression, withdrawal, or aggression and withdrawal. Developmental Psychology. 1998; 34(6):1246–1262. [DOI:10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1246]
29. Gaudie J, Mitrou F, Lawrence D, Stanley F J, Silburn S R, Zubrick S R . Antecedents of teenage pregnancy from a 14-year follow-up study using data linkage. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 63. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-10-63]
30. Durant RH, Knight J, Goodman E. Factors associated with aggressive and delinquent behaviors among patients attending an adolescent medicine clinic. Journal of Adolescent Health. 1997; 21(5):303–308. [DOI:10.1016/S1054-139X(97)00159-6]
31. Siebenbruner J, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Egeland B. Sexual partners and contraceptive use: a 16-year prospective study predicting abstinence and risk behaviour. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 2007; 17:179–206. [DOI:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00518.x]
32. Harden A, Brunton G, Fletcher A, Oakley A. Teenage pregnancy and social disadvantage: systematic review integrating controlled trials and qualitative studies. British Medical Journal. 2009; 339-349. [DOI:10.1136/bmj.b4254]
33. Studer M, Thornton A. Adolescent religiosity and contraceptive usage. Journal of Marriage & the Family. 1987; 49(1):117-128. [DOI:10.2307/352676]
34. Dodge B, Sandfort TGM, Yarber WL, Wit J. Sexual health among male college students in the United States and the Netherlands. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2005; 29(2):172-182. [DOI:10.5993/AJHB.29.2.8]
35. Strayhorn J M, Strayhorn J C. Religiosity and teen birth rate in the United States, Reproductive Health. 2009; 6:14-20 [DOI:10.1186/1742-4755-6-14]
36. Santelli JS, Lindberg LD, Finer LB, Singh S. Explaining recent declines in adolescent pregnancy in the United States: the contribution of abstinence and improved contraceptive use. American Journal of Public Health 2007; 97(1):150-156. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2006.089169]
37. Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development Geneva, 2008. Promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health through school in low income countries: an information brief. World Health Organization.2009.
38. Landry D.J, Singh S, Darroch JE. Sexuality education in fifth and sixth grades in U.S public schools, 1999. Family Planning Perspectives.2000. 32(5):212-219 [DOI:10.2307/2648174]
39. American Academy of Pediatrics. Sexuality education for children and adolescents.Pediatrics.2001.108 (2):498-502.
40. Jalali Aria K. Who is the best for health education of adolescents? Proceeding of 3th Congress on Family and Sexual Health. 27-29 November 2007; Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
41. Garner R. The Big Question: Why are teenage pregnancies rates so high, and what can be done about it? [Cited 2009 Feb 17]. Availablefrom http://www.independent.co.uk/extras/big-question/the-big-question-why-are-teenage-pregnancy-rates-so-high-and-what-can-be-done-about-it-1623828.html(accessed: ugust 2017)
42. Allen JA. Teen Pregnancy rate up after 10- year decline. [Cited 2010 Jan 26]. Available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/01/26/us-pregnancy-teens-usa-s-idUSTRE60P0XS20100126(accessed: october 2016)
43. Presidency of the I.R.I Vice-Presidency for strategic planning and supervision statistical center of Iran. Selected finding of 2011 national population & housing census. First ed. Tehran. Publisher: Statistical center of Iran; 2011.
44. Mohammad MR, Mohammad K, Farahani FK , Alikhani S, Zare M, Tehrani FR and et al. Reproductive Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Among Adolescent Males in Tehran, Iran. International Family Planning Perspectives. 2oo6, 32(1). [Persian]
45. Mohammad MR, Mohammad K, Farahani FK , Alikhani S, Zare M, Tehrani FR and et al. Reproductive Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior Among Adolescent Males in Tehran, Iran. International Family Planning Perspectives. 2oo6, 32(1). [Persian]
46. Qur'an .Asra :32 and Ghesas:56. Available from: http://www.clearquran.com (accessed: June 2016)
47. Salmeh F, Yaghobi T, Zakizadeh M, Yaghobian M. The Investigation into the view of mothers referring to Health centers in the city of Sari about sexuality education to her girls. Proceeding of 3th Congress on Family and Sexual Health 27-29 November 2007; Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
48. Jalali Aria K, Nahidi F, Amir Ali Akbari S, Alavi Majd H. Parents and teachers' view on appropriate time and method for female reproductive health education. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences .2010; 12(3): 84-90. [Persian]
49. Rezaei S.The investigation of method and Source of gaining sexual information in M.S university students. Proceeding of 3th Congress on Family and Sexual Health 27-29 November 2007; Tehran, Iran. [Persian]
50. Jabbari Fard F, Saeidi Aboeshghi H R, Kad Khoda Zadeh SH, Massoudi S. Impact of sex education on family health of students. International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Research.2014; 1(1), 560-569.
51. Khalaj Abadi Farahani F,Cleland J, Mehryar A H. Correlates and Determinants of Reproductive Behavior among Female University Students In Tehran.Journal of Reproduction & Infertility.2012;13(1):39-51.
52. Ramezanzadeh F, Haghollahi F, Shariat M, Mahmood Arabi M, Hosseini H, Jaafar Abadi M, et al. Reproductive health service centers for youth in Iran. Journal of School of Public Health And Institute of Public Health Researches. 2010; 7(4): 1-10. [Persian]
53. Jalali Aria K, Asayesh H, Sedehi M, Ghanbari M. The Effect of Anxiety Management Skills on Students' Life Satisfaction in One of the Girls' High School in Gorgan, 2010. Journal of Research Development in Nursing & Midwifery.2012; 9(1):1-8. [Persian]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
